FILE: <bc-72.ref.htm>
[ Pooled References GENERAL INDEX
[Navigate to
MAIN MENU ]
LIFE TABLES & NATURAL ENEMY
EVALUATION
(References) (Contacts) REFERENCES: [Additional references may be found at MELVYL Library ] Alexandrakis, V. & P. Neuenschwander. 1980. Le role d' Aphytis chilensis
[Hym.: Aphelinidae], parasite d' Aspidiotus
merii [Hom.: Diaspididae]
sur oliver en Crete. Entomophaga
25: 61-71. Amidon, E. L.
1966. MIADS2... An
alphanumeric map information assembly and display system for a large
computer. U. S. Dept. Agr. For. Serv.
Res. Paper PS@-38. 12 p. Andres, L. A. & R. D.
Goeden. 1971. The biological control of weeds by
introduced natural enemies, pp. 143-62.
In: C. B. Huffaker (ed.), Biological
Control. Plenum Press, New York. Auer, C.
1968. Erste Ergebnisse
einfacher stochastischer Modelluntersuchungen über die Ursachen der
Populationsbewegung des grauen Larchenwicklers Zeiraphera diniana
Gm. (= Z. griseana Hb.) im Oberengadin,
1949-66. Zeit. angew. Ent. 62: 202-35. Bartlett, B. R.
1964. Patterns in the
host-feeding habit of adult parasitic Hymenoptera. Ann. Ent. Soc. Amer. 57: 344-50. Bedard, W. D., P. E. Tilden, D. L. Wood, R. M.
Silverstein, R. G. Brownlee & J. O. Rodin. 1969. Western pine
beetle: Field response to its sex
pheromone and synergistic host terpene, myrcene. Science 164:
1284-85.Berryman, A. A.
1967. Preservation and
augmentation of insect predators of the western pine beetle. J. Forestry 65: 260-63. Beddington, J. R., C. A.
Free & J. H. Lawton. 1978. Modeling biological control: on the characteristics of successful
natural enemies. Nature 273: 513-19. Bellows, T. S. & M. H.
Birley. 1981. Estimating developmental and mortality
rates and stage recruitment from insect stage frequency data. Res. Popul.
Ecol. 23: 232-44. Bellows, T. S., Jr. & T.
W. Fisher, (eds) 1999. Handbook of Biological Control: Principles and Applications. Academic Press, San Diego, CA. 1046 p. Bellows, T. S., Jr. & R. G. van Driesche. 1999. Construction and
Analysis of Field Life Tables in the Evaluation of Biological Control
agents. In: Bellows, T. S., Jr. & T. W. Fisher, (eds) 1999. Handbook
of Biological Control: Principles and
Applications. Academic Press, San
Diego, CA. Bellows, T. S., Jr., M.
Ortiz, J. C. Owens & E. W. Huddleston.
1982a. A model for analyzing
insect stage-frequency data when mortality varies with time. Res. Popul.
Ecol. 24: 142-56. Bellows, T. S., Jr., J. C.
Owens & E. W. Huddleston.
1982b. Predation of range
caterpillar, Hemileuca oliviae, at various stages of
development by different species of rodents in New Mexico during 1980. Environ. Ent. 11: 1211-15. Bellows, T. S., Jr., R. G.
Van Driesche & J. S. Elkinton.
1989a. Life tables and
parasitism: estimating parameters in
joint host-parasitoid systems. pp.
70-80. In: L. B.
McDonald, J. Manly, O. Lockwood & J. Logan (eds.), Estimation and
Analysis of Insect Populations.
Springer-Verlag, New York. 492
p. Bellows, T. S., Jr., R. G.
Van Driesche & J. S. Elkinton.
1989b. Extensions to Southwood
and Jepson's graphical method of estimating numbers entering a stage for
calculating mortality due to parasitism.
Res. Popul. Ecol. (in press). Berryman, A. A. 1970a.
Procedures employed in sampling the populations of insect predators
attacking developing broods of the western pine beetle, p. 66-74. In: R. W. Stark & D. L. Dahlsten (eds.),
Studies on the Population Dynamics of the Western Pine Beetle, Dendroctonus brevicornis LeConte
(Coleoptera: Scolytidae). Univ.
Calif., Div. Agr. Sci. Berryman, A. A.
1970b. Evaluation of
insect predators of the western pine beetle, p. 102-12. In: R. W. Stark & D. L. Dahlsten (eds.),
Studies on the Population Dynamics of the Western Pine Beetle, Dendroctonus brevicornis LeConte
(Coleoptera: Scolytidae). Univ.
Calif., Div. Agr. Sci. Berryman, A. A., C. J. DeMars, Jr., & R. W.
Stark. 1970. the development of sampling methods for
"within-tree" populations of the western pine beetle, p.
33-36. In: R. W. Stark
& D. L. Dahlsten (eds.), Studies on the Population Dynamics of the
Western Pine Beetle, Dendroctonus
brevicornis LeConte
(Coleoptera: Scolytidae). Univ.
Calif., Div. Agr. Sci. Birley, M. 1977.
The estimation of insect density and instar survivorship functions
from census data. J. Anim. Ecol. 46:
497-510. Blower, S. M. & J.
Roughgarden. 1989. Parasites detect host spatial pattern and
density: a field experimental
analysis. Oecologia 78: 138-41. Brodeur, J. & J. N. McNeil. 1989. Seasonal
microhabitat selection by an endoparasitoid through adaptive modification of
host behavior. Science 244: 266-28. Buckner, C. H. 1969.
The common shrew (Sorex
araneus) as a predator of
the winter moth (Operophtera
brumata) near Oxford,
England. Canad. Ent. 101: 370-75. Bulmer, M. G. 1975.
The statistical analysis of density dependence. Biometrics 31: 901-11. Burnett, T. A. 1958.
A model of host-parasite interaction.
Proc. X Intern. Cong. Ent., Montreal
(1956)2: 679-86. Campbell, A. & M. Mackauer. 1975.
The effect of parasitism by Aphidius
smithi (Hymenoptera:
Aphidiidae) on reproduction and population growth of the pea aphid
(Homoptera: Aphididae). Canad. Ent.
107: 919-26. Campbell, R. W., T. R.
Torgensen & R. C. Beckwith. 1982. Disappearing pupae: A source of possible error in estimating
population density. Environ. Ent.
11: 105-06. Carey, J. R. 1989.
The multiple decrement life table:
a unifying framework for cause-of-death analysis in ecology. Oecologia
78: 131-37. Carter, N., D. P. Aikman & A. F. G. Dixon. 1978.
An appraisal of Hughes' time-specific life table analysis for
determining aphid reproductive and mortality rates. J. Anim. Ecol. 47: 677-87. Caylor, J. A. & G. A.
Thorley. 1970. Sequential aerial photography as an aid in
the evaluation of bark beetle population trends in west-side Sierra forests,
p. 8-32. In: R. W. Stark
& D. L. Dahlsten (eds.), Studies on the Population Dynamics of the
Western Pine Beetle, Dendroctonus
brevicornis LeConte
(Coleoptera: Scolytidae). Univ.
Calif., Div. Agr. Sci. Chua, T. H. & V. A.
Dyck. 1982. Assessment of Pseudogonatopus
flavifemur E. & H.
(Dyrinidae: Hymenoptera) as a biocontrol agent of the rice brown
planthopper. Proc. Intl. Conf. Plant
Protect. Tropics. p. 253-65. Collins, M. D., S. A. Ward
& A. F. G. Dixon. 1981. Handling time and the functional response
of Aphelinus thompsoni, a predator and
parasite of the aphid Drepanosyphum
plantanoides. J. Anim.
Ecol. 50: 479-87. Dahlsten, D. L. & R. W. Bushing. 1970.
Insect parasites of the western pine beetle, p. 113-18. In: R. W. Stark & D. L. Dahlsten (eds.),
Studies on the Population Dynamics of the Western Pine Beetle, Dendroctonus brevicornis LeConte
(Coleoptera: Scolytidae). Univ.
Calif., Div. Agr. Sci. DeBach, P. 1943.
The importance of host-feeding by adult parasites in the reduction of
host populations. J. Econ. Ent. 36:
647-58. DeBach, P. & H. S. Smith. 1941a. Are population
oscillations inherent in the host-parasite relation? Ecology 22: 363-69. DeBach, P. & H. S.
Smith. 1941b. The effect of host density on the rate of
reproduction of entomophagous parasites.
J. Econ. Ent. 34: 741-45. Deevey, E. S. 1947.
Life tables for natural populations of animals. Quart. Rev. Biol. 22: 283-314. Deming, W. E. 1943.
Statistical adjustment of data.
John Wiley, New York. Dolph, R. E. & J. F.
Wear. 1963. A survey of western pine beetle damage on the Fremont National
Forest using color photographs. U. S.
Dept. Agr. For. Serv. Pac. NW Region Rept.
18 p. Dowell, R. B., G. E.
Fitzpatrick & J. A. Reinert.
1979. Biological control of
citrus blackfly in southern Florida.
Environ. Ent. 8: 595-97. Drea, J. J. 1968.
Castration of male alfalfa weevils by Microctonus spp. J. Econ. Ent. 61:
1291-95. Dudley, C. O.
1969. A sampling design
for the egg and first instar larval populations of the western pine beetle, Dendroctonus brevicornis LeConte
(Coleoptera: Scolytidae) in ponderosa pine.
Univ. Calif. M.S. Thesis. 115
p. Elkinton, J. S., R. G. Van
Driesche & T. S. Bellows, Jr.
1990a. Time-specific estimates
of mortality in insect populations.
J. Econ. Ent. 83: (in press) Elkinton, J. S., J P.
Buonaccorsi, T. S. Bellows, Jr. & R. G.
Van Driesche. 1990b. The marginal probability of dying,
k-values and percentage mortality in life tables. J. Econ. Ent. 83: (in
press). Embree, D. G.
1965. The population
dynamics of the winter moth in Nova Scotia, 1954-1962. Mem. Ent. Soc. Canad. 46. 57 p. Embree, D. G.
1966. The role of
introduced parasites in the control of the winter moth in Nova Scotia. Canad. Ent. 98: 1159-68. Embree, D. G. & I. S.
Otvos. 1984. Operophtera
brumata (L.) winter moth
(Lepidoptera: Geometridae), pp. 353-57.
In: J. S. Kelleher & M. A. Hulme (eds.),
Biological Control Programmes Against Insects and Weeds in Canada
1969-1980. Commonw. Agric. Bur.,
Slough, England. Frank, J. H. 1967. The effect of pupal predators on a
population of winter moth Operophtera
brumata (L.). J. Anim.
Ecol. 36: 611-21. Frick, K. E., G. G. Hartley
& E. G. King. 1983. Large scale production of Bactra verutana (Lep.: Tortricidae) for the biological control of
nutsedge. Entomophaga 28:
107-16. Gaston, K. J. & J. H. Lawton. 1987. A
test of statistical techniques for detecting density dependence in sequential
censuses of animal populations. Oecologia 74:
404-410. Geier, P. W.
1966. Management in
insect pests. Ann. Rev. Ent. 11: 471-90. George, F. H. 1965.
Cybernetics and Biology.
University Reviews in Biology.
W. H. Freeman & Co., San Francisco. 130 p. Giese, R. L. 1966. From cradle to computer-- the Columbian
timber beetle. Proc. North Cent. Br.,
Ent. Soc. Amer. 21: 85-92. Godwin, P. A. & T. M.
O'Dell. 1981. Intensive laboratory and field evaluations
of individual species: Blepharipa pratensis (Meigen) (Diptera: Tachinidae), pp. 375-94. In: C. D. Doane & M. L. McManus (eds.),
The Gypsy Moth: Research Toward
Integrated Pest Management. U. S.
For. Serv. Tech. Bull. 1584. Godwin, P. A. & K. S.
Shields. 1984. Effects of Blepharipa pratensis
[Dip.: Tachinidae] on the pathogenicity of nucleopolyhedrosis virus in stage
V of Lymantria dispar [Lep.:
Lymantriidae]. Entomophaga 29: 381-86. Gould, J. R., J. S. Elkinton
& W. E. Wallner. 1990a. Density-dependent suppression of
experimentally created gypsy moth, Lymantria
dispar (Lepidoptera:
Lymantriidae), populations by natural enemies. J. Anim. Ecol. 59: (in
press). Gould, J. R., J. S. Elkinton
& R. G. Van Driesche. 1990b. Assessment of potential methods of
measuring parasitism by Brachymeria
intermedia (Hymenoptera:
Chalcididae) of pupae of the gypsy moth, Lymantria
dispar (Lepidoptera:
Lymantriidae). J. Econ. Entomol. 83:
(in press). Griffiths, K. J. & C. S.
Holling. 1969. A competition submodel for parasites and
predators. Canad. Ent. 101: 785-818. Hagvar, E. B. & T.
Hofsvang. 1986. Parasitism by Ephedrus cerasicola
(Hym.: Aphidiidae) developing in different stages of Myzus persicae
(Hom.: Aphididae). Entomophaga
31: 337-46. Hall, R. C. 1958.
Environmental factors associated with outbreaks by the western pine
beetle and the California five-spined engraver beetle in California. Proc. X
Intern. Congr. Ent., Montreal (1956) 4:
341-47. Hammond, W. N. O., P. Neuenschwander & H. R.
Herren. 1987. Impact of the exotic parasitoid Epidinocarsis lopezi on cassava mealybug (Phenacoccus manihoti) populations. Insect Sci. Appl. 8: 887-91. Harcourt, D. G., J. C. Guppy
& M. R. Binns. 1984. Analysis of numerical change in
subeconomic populations of the alfalfa weevil, Hypera postica
(Coleoptera, Curculionidae), in eastern Ontario. Environ. Ent. 13:
1627-33. Harris, P. 1974.
The impact of the cinnabar moth on ragwort in eastern and western
Canada and its implication for biological control strategy. Commonw. Inst. Biol. Contr. Trinidad, Misc. Publ. 8: 119-23. Harris, V. E. & J. W.
Todd. 1982. Longevity and reproduction of the southern green stink bug, Nezara viridula, as affected by parasitization by Trichopoda pennipes. Entomol.
Exp. Appl. 31: 409-12. Hassell, M. P. 1966.
Evaluation of parasite and predator responses. J. Anim.
Ecol. 35: 65-75. Hassell, M. P. 1968. The behavioural response of a tachinid fly
(Cyzenis albicans (Fall.)) to its host,
the winter moth (Operophtera
brumata (L.)). J. Anim.
Ecol. 37: 627-39. Hassell, M. P. 1969a. A study of the mortality factors operating
upon Cyzenis albicans (Fall.) a tachinid
parasite of the winter moth (Operophtera
brumata (L.)). J. Anim.
Ecol. 38: 329-39. Hassell, M. P. 1969b. A population model for the interaction
between Cyzenis albicans (Fall.) (Tachinidae)
and Operophtera brumata (L.) (Geometridae) at
Wytham, Berkshire. J. Anim. Ecol. 38:
567-76. Hassell, M. P. 1970. Mutual interference between searching
insect parasites. J. Anim. Ecol. 39:
473-86. Hassell, M. P. 1980. Foraging strategies, population models and
biological control: a case
study. J. Anim. Ecol. 49:
603-28. Hassell, M. P. 1984. Parasitism in patchy environments: inverse density dependence can be
stabilizing. IMA J. Math. Appl. Med. Biol. 1: 123-33. Hassell, M. P. 1985a. Patterns of parasitism by insect
parasitoids in patchy environments.
Ecol. Ent. 7: 365-77. Hassell, M. P. 1985b.
Insect natural enemies as regulating factors. J. Anim.
Ecol. 54: 323-34. Hassell, M. P. 1987. Detecting regulation in patchily
distributed animal populations. J. Anim. Ecol. 56:
705-13. Hassell, M. P. & H. N.
Comins. 1978. Sigmoid functional response and population
stability. Theor. Popul. Biol. 14: 62-67. Hassell, M. P. & C. B.
Huffaker. 1969. The appraisal of delayed and direct
density-dependence. Canad. Ent. 101: 353-61. Hassell, M. P. & G. C.
Varley. 1969. New inductive population model and its
bearing on biological control. Nature
223: 1133-37. Hassell, M. P. & R. M.
May. 1973. Stability in insect host-parasite models. J. Anim. Ecol. 42: 693-726. Hassell, M. P. & R. M.
May. 1974. Aggregation of predators and insect parasites and its affects
on stability. J. Anim. Ecol. 43:
567-94. Hassell, M. P., J. H. Lawton
& J. R. beddington. 1977. Sigmoid functional responses by
invertebrate predators and parasitoids.
J. Anim. Ecol. 46: 249-62. Hassell, M. P., C. M.
Lessells & G. C. McGavin.
1985. Inverse density
dependent parasitism in a patchy environment: a laboratory system.
Ecol. Ent. 10: 393-402. Hassell, M. P., T. R. E.
Southwood & P. M. Reader. 1987. The dynamics of the viburnim whitefly (Aleurotrachelus jelinekii): A case study of population
regulation. J. Anim. Ecol. 56:
283-300. Heads, P. A. & J. H.
Lawton. 1983. Studies on the natural enemy complex of
the holly leaf-miner: the effects of
scale on the detection of aggregative responses and the implication for
biological control. Oikos 40: 267-76. Hill, M. G. 1988.
Analysis of the biological control of Mythimna separate
(Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) by Apanteles
ruficrus (Braconidae: Hymenoptera)
in New Zealand. J. Appl. Ecol.
25: 197-208. Holling, C. S. 1959.
Components of predation as revealed by a study of small mammal
predation of the European pine sawfly.
Canad. Ent. 91: 239-320. Holling, C. S. 1966a.
The strategy of building models of complex ecological systems. Chap. 8.
In: K. E. F. Watt (ed.), Systems Analysis in
Ecology. Academic Press, New
York. 276 p. Holling, C. S. 1966b.
The functional response of invertebrate predators to prey
density. Mem. Ent. Soc. Canad.
48: 1-86. Huffaker, C. B. 1953.
Quantitative studies on the biological control of St. John's wort
(Klamath weed) in California. Proc.
7th Pac. Sci. Congr. 4:
303-13. Huffaker, C. B. & C. E. Kennett. 1966.
Studies of two parasites of olive scale, Parlatoria oleae
(Colvee). IV. Biological control of Parlatoria oleae
(Colvee) through the compensatory action of two introduced parasites. Hilgardia 37: 283-35. Hughes, R. D. 1962.
A method for estimating the effects of mortality on aphid populations. J. Anim.
Ecol. 31: 389-96. Hughes, R. D. 1963.
Population dynamics of the cabbage aphid, Brevicoryne brassicae
(L.). J. Anim.
Ecol. 32: 393-424. Hutchison, W. D. & D. B.
Hogg. 1984. Demographic statistics for the pea aphid (Homoptera: Aphididae)
in Wisconsin and a comparison with other populations. Environ. Ent. 13: 1173-81. Hutchison, W. D. & D. B.
Hogg. 1985. Time-specific life tables for the pea aphid, Acyrthosiphon pisum (Harris), on
alfalfa. Res. Popul. Ecol. 27: 231-53. Jervis, M. A. & N. A. C.
Kidd. 1986. Host-feeding in hymenopteran parasitoids. Biol. Rev.
61: 395-434. Jones, R. E.
1987. Ants, parasitoids
and the cabbage butterfly Pieris
rapae. J. Anim.
Ecol. 56: 739-749. Julien, M. H. & A. S. Bourne. 1988.
Effects of leaf-feeding by larvae of the moth Samea multiplicalis
Guen. (Lep., Pyralidae) on the floating weed Salvinia molesta. J. Appl. Ent. 106: 518-26. Langley, P. G. 1959. Aerial photography as an aid in insect
control in western pine and mixed conifer forests. J. For. 57: 169-72. 1977 Legner,
E. F. 1977. Temperature, humidity and depth of habitat influencing host destruction
and fecundity of muscoid fly parasites.
Entomophaga 22(2):
199-206. 1979 Legner, E. F. 1979. The relationship
between host destruction and parasite reproductive potential in Muscidifurax raptor, M. zaraptor, and Spalangia endius [Chalcidoidea: Pteromalidae]. Entomophaga 24(2):
145-152. 1970
Legner, E. F. & E. C. Bay. 1970.
Dynamics of Hippelates eye
gnat breeding in the Southwest. Calif.
Agric. 24(5): 1, 4-6. 1987 Legner,
E. F. & R. D. Goeden. 1987. Larval parasitism of Rhagoletis completa
(Diptera: Tephritidae) on Juglans microcarpa (Juglandaceae) in
western Texas and southeastern New Mexico.
Proc. Entomol. Soc. Wash. 89(4):
739-743. 1992 Legner,
E. F. & G. Gordh. 1992. Lower navel orangeworm (Lepidoptera:
Phycitidae) population densities following establishment of Goniozus legneri (Hymenoptera: Bethylidae) in California. J. Econ.
Ent. 85(6): 2153-60. 1973 Legner, E. F.
& R. A. Medved. 1973. Influence of Tilapia mossambica
(Peters), T. zillii (Gervais) (Cichlidae) and Mollienesia latipinna LeSueur
(Poeciliidae) on pond populations of Culex
mosquitoes and chironomid midges. J.
Amer. Mosq. Contr. Assoc. 33(3):
354-364. 1981 Legner, E. F. & R. A. Medved. 1981.
Pink bollworm, Pectinophora gossypiella (Lepidoptera:
Gelechiidae), suppression with Gossyplure, a
pyrethroid, and parasite releases.
Canad. Entomol. 113: 355-357. 1983 Legner,
E. F. & F. W. Pelsue, Jr.
1983. Contemporary appraisal
of the population dynamics of introduced cichlid fish in south California.
Proc. Calif. Mosq. & Vector Contr. Assoc., Inc. 51: 38-39. 1983 Legner,
E. F. & A. Silveira-Guido.
1983. Establishment of Goniozus emigratus and Goniozus legneri [Hym: Bethylidae] on navel orangeworm, Amyelois transitella [Lep: Phycitidae] in California and biological
control potential. Entomophaga 28(2):
97-106. 1983 Legner, E. F. & R. W. Warkentin. 1983.
Questions concerning the dynamics of Onthophagus gazella
(Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae) with symbovine flies
in the lower Colorado Desert of California.
Proc. Calif. Mosq. & Vector Contr. Assoc., Inc. 51: 99-101. 1975 Legner, E. F., R. A. Medved & G. C.
McFarland. 1975. Population density of chironomid midge
larvae in relation to position downstream in paved
channels. Proc. Calif. Mosq. Contr.
Assoc., Inc. 43: 107-109. 1980 Legner,
E. F., D. J. Greathead & I. Moore.
1980. Population density
fluctuations of predatory and scavenger arthropods in accumulating
bovine excrement of three age classes in equatorial East Africa. Bull. Soc.
Vector Ecol. 5: 23-44. Liu, Shu-sheng & R. D.
Hughes. 1984. Effects of host age at parasitization by Aphidius sonchi on the development, survival and reproduction of
the sowthistle aphid, Hyperomyzus
lactucae. Ent. Expt. Appl. 36: 239-46. Loan, C. C. & F. G.
Holdaway. 1961. Microctonus
aethiops (Nees) and Perilitis rutilus (Nees) (Hymenoptera: Braconidae), European
parasites of Sitona weevils
(Coleop.: Curculionidae). Entomophaga 19:
7-12. Loan, C. C. & D. C. Lloyd. 1974.
Description and field biology of Microtonus
hyperodae Loan, n. sp.
(Hymenoptera: Braconidae, Euphorinae), a parasite of Hyperodes bonariensis
in South America (Coleoptera: Curculionidae). Entomophaga 19: 71-12. Lopez, E. R. & R. G. Van
Driesche. 1989. Direct measurement of host and parasitoid
recruitment for assessment of total losses due to parasitism in a
continuously breeding species, the cabbage aphid Brevicoryne brassicae
(L.) (Hemiptera: Aphididae). Bull.
Ent. Res. 79: 47-59. Luck, R. F., M. Shepard
& P. E. Kenmore. 1988. Experimental methods for evaluating
arthropod natural enemies. Ann. Rev.
Ent. 33: 367-91. Margalef, R. 1968.
Perspectives in Ecological Theory.
Univ. Chicago Press. 111 p. May, R. M. 1978.
Host-parasitoid systems in patchy environments: a phenomenological model. J. Anim.
Ecol. 47: 833-44. McDonald, L. B., J. Manly,
S. Lockwood & J. Logan.
1989. Estimation and analysis
of insect populations. Springer-Verlag,
New York. 492 p. McEvoy, P. B., C. S. Cox, R.
R. James & N. T. Rudd.
1990a. Ecological mechanisms
underlying successful biological weed control: field experiments with ragwort Senecio jacobaea. Proc. 7th Intl. Symp. Biol. Contr. Weeds,
6-11 Mar 1988, Rome, Italy. 1st Sper.
Patol. Veg. (MPAS-P), 1988. McEvoy, P. B., J. van Sickle, C. S. Cox & N. T.
Rudd. 1990b.
Ecological mechanisms underlying successful biological control of
ragwort: analysis of biotic
interactions in the field using life table response experiments. Ecology (In press). McQuire, M. R. & J. E.
Henry. 1989. Production and partial characterization of
monoclonal antibodies for detection of entomopoxvirus from Melanoplus sanguinipes. Ent.
Exp. Appl. 51: 21-28. Miller, C. A. 1954.
A technique for assessing spruce budworm larval mortality caused by
parasites. Canad. J. Zool. 33: 5-17. Miller, J. M. & F. P.
Keen. 1960. Biology and control of the western pine beetle. U. S. Dept. Agr. For. Serv. Misc. Publ.
800. 381 p. Moore, J. 1983.
Responses of an avian predator and its isopod prey to an
acanthocephalan parasite. Ecology 64: 1000-15. Morris, R. F. 1959.
Single-factor analysis in population dynamics. Ecology 40: 580-88. Morris, R. F. 1963a.
The dynamics of epidemic spruce budworm populations. Me. Ent. Soc. Canad. 31. 332 p. Morris, R. F. 1963b.
Predictive population equations based on key factors. Mem. Ent. Soc. Canad. 32: 16-21. Morris, R. F. 1969.
Approaches to the study of population dynamics. Proc. Forest Insect Population Dynamics
Workshop, New Haven, Conn. (Jan 23-7, 1967).
U.S. Dept. Agr. For. Serv. Res. Paper NE-125. p. 9-28. Morris, R. F. & T.
Royama. 1969. Logarithmic regression as an index of
responses to population density.
Canad. Ent. 101: 361-64. Mott, D. G. 1969.
Dynamic models for population systems. Proc. Forest Insect Population Dynamics Workshop, New Haven,
Conn. (Jan. 23-7, 1967). U. S. Dept.
Agr. For. Serv. Res. Paper NE-125. p.
53-72. Murdoch, W. W., R. M.
Nisbet, S. P. Blythe, W. S. C. Gurney & J. D. Reeve. 1987.
An invulnerable age class and stability in delay-differential
parasitoid-host models. Amer. Nat. 129:
263-82. Neuenschwander, P. & E. Madojemu. 1986.
Mortality of the cassava mealybug, Phenacoccus
manihoti Mat. Ferr. (Hom.
Pseudococcidae), associated with an attack by Epidinocarsis lopezi
(Hym., Encyrtidae). Mitt. Schweiz. Ent. Ges. 59: 57-62. Neuenschwander, P. & D. Sullivan. 1987. Interactions
between the endophagous parasitoid Epidinocarsis
lopezi and its host, Phenacoccus manihoti. Insect Sci. Appl. 8: 857-59. Nicholson, A. J.
1933. The balance of
animal populations. J. Anim. Ecol. 2:
132-78. Nicholson, A. J.
1954. An outline of the
dynamics of animal populations. Aust. J. Zool. 2:
9-65. Nicholson, A. J. & V. A.
Bailey. 1935. The balance of animal populations. Part I.
Proc. Zool. Soc. London. p. 551-98. Norris, M. J. 1935.
A feeding experiment on the adults of Pieris rapae
L. (Lepid.: Rhop.). Entomologist
68: 125-27. Oettinger, A. S. 1966.
The uses of computers in Sciences.
Sci. Amer. 215: 161-72. Otvos, I. S.
1970. Avian predators of
the western pine beetle, p. 119-27. In: R. W. Stark & D. L. Dahlsten (eds.), Studies on the
Population Dynamics of the Western Pine Beetle, Dendroctonus brevicornis
LeConte (Coleoptera: Scolytidae).
Univ. Calif., Div. Agr. Sci. Polaszek, A. 1986.
The effects of two species of hymenopterous parasitoids on the
reproductive system of the pea aphid, Acyrthosiphon
pisum. Ent. Exp. Appl. 40: 285-92. Pollard, E., K. H. Lakhani
& P. Rothery. 1987. The detection of density-dependence from a
series of annual censuses. Ecology
68: 2046-55. Pope, R. B. & J. F.
Wear. 1961. Results of a study to test the accuracy of
large scale vertical and oblique photographs for the appraisal of ponderosa
pine mortality. U. S. Dept. Agr. For.
Serv., Pac. NW For. & Range Exp. Sta. Unpub. Rept. 19 p. Pottinger, R. P. & E. J.
LeRoux. 1971. The biology and dynamics of Lithocolletis blancardella (Lepidoptera:
Gracillariidae) on apple in Quebec. Mem. Ent. Soc. Canada, No. 77, 437 p. Quezada, J. R.
1974. Biological control
of Aleurocanthus woglumi (Homoptera:
Aleyrodidae) in El Salvador. Entomophaga 19: 243-54. Rahman, M. 1970.
Mutilation of the imported cabbageworm by the parasite Apanteles rubecula. J. Econ. Ent. 63:
1114-16. Reddingius, J. & P. J. den Boer. 1989.
On the stabilization of animal numbers. Problems of testing. 1. Power estimates and estimation
errors. Oecologia 78: 1-8. Rees, N. E. 1986.
Effects of dipterous parasites on production and viability of Melanoplus sanguinipes eggs (Orthoptera: Acrididae). Environ. Ent. 15: 205-06. Reeve, J. D. & W. W.
Murdoch. 1985. Aggregation by parasitoids in the
successful control of the California red scale: a test of theory. J. Anim. Ecol. 54:
797-816. Reeve, J. D. & W. W.
Murdoch. 1986. Biological control by the parasitoid Aphytis melinus, and population stability of the California red
scale. J. Anim. Ecol. 55:
1069-82. Richards, O. W. & N.
Waloff. 1954. Studies on the biology and population
dynamics of British grasshoppers.
Antilocust Bull. 17: 182 p. Ricker, W. E. 1973. Linear regressions in fishery research. J. Fisheries Res. Board Canad. 30: 409-34. Ricker, W. E. 1975. A note concerning Professor Jolicoeur's
comments. J. Fisheries Res. Board
Canad. 32: 1494-98. Roland, J. 1988.
Decline in winter moth population in North America: direct versus indirect effect of
introduced parasites. J. Anim. Ecol. 57:
523-31. Royama, T. 1981a.
Fundamental concepts and methodology for the analysis of animal
population dynamics, with particular reference to univoltine species. Ecol. Monog. 5: 473-93. Royama, T. 1981b.
Evaluation of mortality factors in insect life table analysis. Ecol. Monog. 5: 495-505. Ruth, W. E., R. W. McNew, D.
W. Caves & R. D. Eckenbary.
1975. Greenbugs (Hom.:
Aphididae) forced from host plants by Lysiphelebus
testaceipes (Hym.:
Braconidae). Entomophaga 20:
65-71. Ryan, R. B. 1985. A hypothesis for decreasing parasitization
of larch casebearer (Lepidoptera: Coleophoridae) on larch foliage by Agathis pumila. Canad.
Ent. 117: 1573-74. Silverstein, R. M., R. G. Brownlee,
T. E. Bellas, D. L. Wood & L. E. Browne.
1968. Brevicomin: Principal sex attractant in the frass of
the female western pine beetle.
Science 159: 889-91. Simmonds, F. J. 1984.
Some difficulties in determining by means of field samples the true
value of parasitic control. Bull.
Ent. Res. 39: 435-40. Slade, N. A. 1977.
Statistical detection of density dependence from a series of
sequential censuses. Ecology 58: 1094-1102. Smith, H. S. 1935.
The role of biotic factors in the determination of population
densities. J. Econ. Ent. 28:
873-98. Smith, O. W. 1952.
Biology and behavior of Microctonus
vittatae Muesebeck
(Braconidae). Univ. Calif. Publ. Ent.
9: 315-44. Smith, R. F. 1969.
The new and the old in pest control.
Proc. Acad. Nazion dei Lincei, Rome (1968) 336(128): 21-30. Smith, R. F. & H. T.
Reynolds. 1970. Effects of manipulation of cotton
agro-ecosystems on insect pest populations.
In: M. T. Farvar & J. P. Milton (eds.),
The Careless Technology, Ecology and International Development. The Natural History Press, Garden City,
New York. Smith, R. F. & R. van den Bosch. 1967.
Integrated control. Chap. 9. In: W. W. Kilgore & R. L. Doutt (eds.), Pest Control: Biological, Physical and Selected Chemical
Methods. Academic Press, New
York. 477 p. Smith, R. W. 1964.
A field population of Melanoplus
sanguinipes (Fab.)
(Orthoptera: Acrididae) and its parasites.
Canad. J. Zool. 43: 179-201. Solomon, M. E.
1964. Analysis of
processes involved in the natural control of insects. Adv. Ecol.
Res. 2: 1-58. Southwood, T. R. E. 1966.
Ecological Methods. Methuen
& Co., Ltd., London. 391 p. Southwood, T. R. E. 1969.
The abundance of animals.
Inaugural Lecture, Imp. Coll., Univ. London, Sci. & Tech. 8: 1-16. Southwood, T. R. E. & W.
F. Jepson. 1962. Studies on the populations of Oscinella frit L. (Diptera: Chloropidae) in the oat crop. J. Anim.
Ecol. 31: 481-95. Southwood, T. R. E. 1978.
Ecological methods with particular reference to the study of insect
populations. 2nd ed. Chapman &
Hall, London. 358 p. Stark, R. W. 1966. The organization and analytical procedures
required by a large ecological systems study. Chap 3. In: K. E. F. Watt (ed.), Systems Analysis in
Ecology. Academic Press, New York. 276 p. Stark, R. W. & F. W. Cobb, Jr. 1969.
Smog injury, root diseases and bark beetle damage in ponderosa
pine. Calif. Agr.
23(9): 13-15. Stark, R. W. & D. L. Dahlsten (eds.). 1970.
Studies on Population Dynamics of the Western Pine Beetle, Dendroctonus brevicornis LeConte. Univ. Calif., Div. Agr. Sci. Stern, V. M., R. F. Smith & R. van den Bosch. 1959.
The integration of chemical and biological control of the spotted
alfalfa aphid. Pt. I. The integrated
control concept. Hilgardia 29: 81-101. Strackey, C. 1966.
Systems Analysis and Programming.
Sci. Amer. 215: 112-124. Sunderland, K. D. 1988.
Quantitative methods for detecting invertebrate predation occurring in
the field. Ann. Appl. Biol. 112: 201-24. Sutherland, I. E. 1966.
Computer inputs and outputs.
Sci. Amer. 215: 86-96. Takahashi, F. 1968.
Functional response to host density in a parasitic wasp, with
reference to population regulation. Res. Pop. Ecol. 10:
54-68. Tamaki, G., J. E. Halfhill
& D. O. Hathaway. 1970. Dispersal and reduction of colonies of pea
aphids by Aphidius smithi (Hymenoptera:
Aphidiidae). Ann. Ent. Soc. Amer. 63: 973-980. van den Bosch, R. & V. M. Stern. 1962.
The integration of chemical and biological control of arthropod
pests. Ann. Rev. Ent. 7:
367-86. Van Driesche, R. G.
1983. Meaning of
"percent parasitism" in studies of insect parasitoids. Environ.
Ent. 12: 1611-22. Van Driesche, R. G.
1988a. Survivorship
patterns of Pieris rapae (Lep.: Pieridae) larvae in
Massachusetts kale with special reference to mortality due to Cotesia glomerata (Hymen.: Braconidae). Bull. Ent. Res. 78:
397-405. Van Driesche, R. G.
1988b. Field measurement
of population recruitment of Cotesia
glomerata (Hymenoptera:
Braconidae), a parasitoid of Pieris
rapae (Lepidoptera:
Pieridae), and factors influencing adult parasitoid foraging success in
collards. Bull. Ent. Res. 78:
199-208. Van Driesche, R. G. & T.
S. Bellows, Jr. 1988. Use of host and parasitoid recruitment in
quantifying losses from parasitism in insect populations. Ecol. Ent. 13: 215-22. Van Driesche, R. G. & G.
G. Gyrisco. 1979. Field studies of Microctonus aethiopoides,
a parasite of the adult alfalfa weevil Hypera
postica, in New York. Environ. Ent. 8: 238-44. Van Driesche, R. G. & G.
Taub. 1983. Impact of parasitoids on Phyllonorycter
leafminers infesting apple in Massachusetts, U. S. A. Prot. Ecol.
5: 303-17. Van Driesche, R. G., A. Bellotti, C. J. Herrera
& J. A. Castillo. 1987. Host feeding and oviposition trauma as
additional sources of mortality in Phenacoccus
herreni Cox and Williams
(Homoptera: Pseudococcidae) caused by two encyrtid parasitoids, Epidinocarsis diversicornis (Howard) and Acerophagus coccois Smith (Hymenoptera:
Encyrtidae). Ent. Exp. Appl. 44: 97-100. Van Driesche, R. G., T. S.
Bellows, Jr., D. N. Ferro, R. Hazzard & M. Maher. 1989.
A simplified way of using Richards and Waloff's second method to
estimate stage survival, with reference to the Colorado potato beetle, Leptinotarsa decemlineata (Say). Canad. Ent. 121: 291-300. Van Driesche, R. G., T. S.
Bellows, Jr., J. S. Elkinton, J. Gould & D. N. Ferro. 1990.
The meaning of percentage parasitism revisited: solutions to the problem of accurately
estimating total losses from parasitism in a host generation. J. Econ. Ent. 83: (in press). van Lenteren, J. C. & J.
Woets. 1988. Biological and integrated pest control in
greenhouses. Ann. Rev. Ent. 33: 239-269. Varley, G. C. 1947.
The natural control of population balance in the knapweed gall-fly (Urophora jaceana). J. Anim. Ecol. 16:
139-87. Varley, G. C.
1953. Ecological aspects
of population regulation. Proc. IX Intern. Congr. Ent., Amsterdam (1951)2: 210-14. Varley, G. C. 1958.
Meaning of density-dependence and related terms in population
dynamics. Nature 181: 1778-81. Varley, G. C. & G. R.
Gradwell. 1963. The interpretation of insect population
changes. Proc. Ceylon Assoc. Advan.
Sci. 18: 142-56. Varley, G. C. & G. R.
Gradwell. 1968. Population models for the winter moth, pp.
132-42. In: T. R. E.
Southwood (ed.), Insect Abundance.
Symp. Res. Ent. Soc. London, No. 4. Varley, G. C. & G. R.
Gradwell. 1970. Recent advances in insect population
dynamics. Ann. Rev. Ent. 15: 1-24. Varley, G. C. & G. R.
Gradwell. 1968. Can parasites avoid competitive
exclusion? Proc. XIII Intern. Congr.
Ent., Moscow (1968). Vickery, W. L. & T. D.
Nudds. 1984. Detection of density-dependent effects in
annual duck censuses. Ecology 65: 96-104. Voute, A. D. 1964.
Harmonious control of forest insects.
Intern. Rev. Forestry Res.
326-83. Watt, K. E. F. 1961.
Mathematical models for use in insect pest control. Canad. Ent. 93, Suppl. 19. 62 p. Watt, K. E. F. 1962.
Use of mathematics in population ecology. Ann. Rev. Ent. 7:
243-60. Watt, K. E. F. 1963.
Mathematical population models for five agricultural crop pests. Mem. Ent. Soc. Canad. 32: 83-91. Watt, K. E. F. 1966.
The nature of systems analysis. Chap. 1. In: K. E. F. Watt (ed.), Systems Analysis in
Ecology. Academic Press, New
York. 276 p. Watt, K. E. F. 1968.
Ecology and Resource Management-- A Quantitative Approach. McGraw-Hill, New York. 450 p. Watt, K. E. F. 1969.
Methods of developing large-scale systems models. Proc. Forest Insect Population Dynamics
Workshop, New Haven, Conn. (Jan. 23-7, 1967). U. S. Dept. Agr. For. Serv. Res. Paper NE-125. p. 35-51. Wylie, H. G. 1981.
Effects of collection method on estimates of parasitism and sex ratio
of flea beetles (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) that infest rape crops in
Manitoba. Canad. Ent. 113: 665-71. Wylie, H. G. 1982.
An effect of parasitism by Microctonus
vittatae (Hymenoptera:
Braconidae) on emergence of Phyllotreta
cruciferae and Phyllotreta striolata (Coleoptera:
Chrysomelidae) from overwintering sites.
Canad. Ent. 114: 727-32. Yano, K., R. Morakote, M.
Satoh & I. Asai. 1985. An evidence for behavioral change in Nephotettix cincticepts Uhler (Hemiptera:
Delphacidae) parasitized by pipunculid flies (Diptera: Pipunculidae). Appl. Ent. Zool. 20: 94-96. Young, G. R. 1987.
Some parasites of Segestes
decoratus Redtenbacher
(Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae) and their possible use in the biological control
of tettigoniid pests of coconuts in Papua New Guinea. Bull. Ent. Res. 77: 515-524. |